Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs can be an effective device to help the person you love independently at home. If they are not designed properly, they can be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They also must provide a grippy surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can comfortably navigate the structure. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings have to be level at any change of direction or change in the ramp surface. It must be constructed of treated lumber that is more durable than untreated lumber and is able to withstand rain better.

The top and bottom of the ramp must be free of obstructions like bushes, trees or other structures that can hinder the safe passage of the ramp's user. In addition, the ramp's surface must be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be coated with an anti-slip surface.

For the frame of the ramp choose treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. To make sure the ramp is secure, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend to below the level of the ground. Spindles should be used to connect the posts with the ramp's railings. This kind of connection is preferred because it reduces the risk of the ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp.

Next, build the frame for the ramp using joists that are at most 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they're secured with Joist hangers which are nails that hold the inside of the joists and prevent them from sliding off the ground. Attach the ramp decking with framing nails.

Include an upper landing in the doorway to ensure wheelchair users can easily navigate the doorswing. The landing should be wide enough to allow at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow room" on the handle side for out-swing doors. The landing for doors that are in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches in order to accommodate the threshold of the door as well as a wheelchair user who has to go backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp to prevent wheelchairs from having to slam their brakes into corners. A level landing makes it easier to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can pass beneath it.

Materials

The material used to construct ramps for wheelchairs could be wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installer will help you select the most suitable option for your office or home. When choosing the material to use for the ramp, it is important to take into account your budget and requirements. The ramp should also be simple to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Be sure to check with your local government for permits before you begin building or purchasing any materials. Also, be sure to adhere to all local building codes. The wrong materials or construction techniques can create dangerous conditions for rubber wheelchair ramps threshold ramps-users. You can get the most up-to-date information about construction regulations at your local building department office library or online.

Wood ramps are the least expensive option for ADA ramp materials. However they require more care. The wood ramp's surface need to be regularly treated with a sealer to prevent rot and warping. Wood can splinter, which can be especially hazardous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps may also require additional support to keep the structure standing and steady.

Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time, but they can be costly. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to install them and can make it difficult to move the ramp when no longer needed. Concrete ramps can handle the weight of heavy power wheelchair ramp for van wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are lighter and more affordable than concrete or steel. They also have the same durability, strength and corrosion resistance. They are also more affordable than steel and iron, making them an excellent option for people on a tight budget. Aluminum is eco-friendly because it is found in the earth's crust naturally, and is able to be recycled.

The upper landing of the ramp should be level or within 3/8 inch of the threshold to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to cross it without getting stuck. portable ramps for wheelchairs with a gap greater than this do not comply with ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the landing area and the ground. The final section of the ramp must have a a beveled transition to avoid the abrupt stop of wheelchairs when they enter or exit a dwelling.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is a plane inclined ramp that can be used as an alternative to or in addition to stairs. It allows wheelchair users, as well as those who use strollers or carts to access areas that are otherwise difficult to access.

There are many factors to consider when choosing a ramp for a wheelchair that should be considered, including the location, height and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door to avoid unnecessary journeys. It should be set at a level that the person using it can easily navigate. It should be securely fixed to the floor and free of obstructions, such as shrubbery, parked cars or other obstacles.

ADA regulations require that ramps have handrails on either side. These rails should be at least 36 inches apart and have an edging surface that is rounded or smooth. They must also be anchored to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. Handrails must be continuous if the ramp is designed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout.

The length of a ramp is contingent on the slope, however there are a few basic ramp types that can be used in all situations. For example the threshold ramp is flush along the lip of a curb or the threshold of a doorway, while portable folding ramp for wheelchairs ramps can be moved from one spot to another and come in many different sizes. There are also aluminum ramps that are modular that can be built on site. These ramps are typically used in commercial or public areas and are usually longer.

Consult with your city's building department to determine if a permit is required for a permanent ramp. It is also a good idea to consult an expert in mobility to determine which kind of ramp is best suited to your requirements and the space you have. In some cases, installing permanent electric ramps for wheelchairs can boost the value of your house.

Maintenance

It is essential to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition particularly if it is going to be used often. You'll have to conduct regular inspections, and fix any structural issues that develop. This will ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements, and is safe for all users.

Wooden ramps require regular cleaning to get rid of dirt and debris that can obstruct access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from building up under the surface. This can cause rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work effectively if the ramp is completely clean before application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps as they are more likely wear and tear. It is crucial to have the proper tools. A set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be vital to ensure that all fixings are tight and secure. It is also important to regularly inspect the handrails for signs corrosion or damage. It's possible that, over time, and with repeated use some of the bolts and fittings which hold the handrails in place could loosen and pose an extremely dangerous risk for people who use the ramp.

Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly in winter, when conditions can be a challenge. You'll need to clean away any leaves, dirt and other debris that could hinder the surface and cause slippage. Additionally, you'll need to apply a non-corrosive ice melt on the ramp's surface prior to winter arrives to avoid slips and injury.

If you're planning to use your ramp during winter, consider investing in traction wheels or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These wheels are made to be more efficient on snowy and uneven surfaces. They will help you stay on your ramp longer than standard wheelchair tires. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp prior to it builds up.